How to Write a Middle Grade Novel


Are you ready to write a Middle Grade novel? In this article we will explore the genre in order to learn which age group to target, what themes to explore, and what kind of word count you need in order to craft a strong Middle Grade book. You can walk away feeling confident you have the tools to take your ideas to paper and write your Middle Grade masterpiece.

Defining Middle Grade Novels

  • readership : 7–13 years
  • word count : between 30,000–55,000 words
  • characters ages : 9–14 years

The Golden Age of Reading

Often times Middle Grade is called the Golden Age of Reading…why? Because the genre has the largest readership of any other genre, including adults. Kids this age read, and they read a lot.

Remember, you’re spanning a diverse age group here. What may work for an 8-year-old likely won’t work for a 12-year-old. So although we bundle it all into Middle Grade, the genre actually has two sub groups. This is important to understand in order to know your audience when writing, and thus appropriately adjust your themes and word count. Plus, you’ll be able to clarify in your query to agencies when you’re ready. Otherwise, it’s all Middle Grade and it all counts.

Two Sub-Categories

  • Lower Middle Grade

Lower Middle Grade books tend to be read by kids aged 7–10 years old and have a word count on the lower end. There may be a sub plot or two, but the main plot will dominate the focus, and all themes will certainly be G-rated.

  • Upper Middle Grade

Upper Middle Grade books can have a longer word count and will be read by children aged 10–13 years old. There will likely be a subplot or two that help to carry the story in a substantial way and the themes may be a bit more complex, or PG-rated.

Why is Middle Grade so Popular

Middle Grade novels are the new rage…everyone loves them––publishers and agents are on the prowl for the next great Middle Grade book, and if you’ve got a series…even better. Let’s look at why.

Spans a diverse age group

Middle Grade readers are going from an egocentric existence to an altruistic one, so there is a huge leap from free play and imagination to an overwhelmingly rapid sense of self awareness––you are catching these readers right as the change begins. Because of these changes, these readers tend to be thirsty for knowledge and hungry for adventure, and so you have a diverse group of individuals ready to read your book.

A relatively quick read or a longer indulgence

Because of the diverse audience, you have some leeway when it comes to your length and themes (see the two sub categories above). You can target the older readers, those creeping into puberty, or the younger readers, those who are no longer into baby things but not ready to play grown up quite yet. This means you can work your themes into the age group that is most appropriate, and develop your story from there.

Series work well

Series work really well for the Middle Grade genre because the readership is so voracious at this age. Often, once readers are hooked on a character or world, they want more and more. Not only is this great for your audience, but publishers love it too. They are signing more than one book when they choose your Middle Grade series…they get three, four, maybe even more books that they know they can sell, making you as a return author low risk and all the more desirable. Think Percy Jackson or Harry Potter.

The themes are fairly innocent and approachable

That’s right…no one is kissing. Which means there’s less controversy when it comes to relationship themes. These books are easy for parents and schools to pick up and pass out. Your main character will have a bestie and maybe an innocent crush, but nothing more. You’ll be able to focus on the adventure and thrill of the story rather than the complicated rollercoaster of emotional themes you would be tackling in a YA novel. The same goes for exploring violence, big idea issues, and other themes. Let’s look at those in more detail.

Themes and What to Write About

Middle Grade novels span the compass when it comes to subjects and themes, as well as sub-genres. Fantasy, Adventure, Girls’ or Boys’ Books, Mystery, Magic Realism, even some loose Sci-Fi, you’ve got so much to work with!

Humor

Make us laugh! Kids love to laugh (heck, so do adults). But this age group in particular really connects to humor. The Diary of a Wimpy Kid Books are perfect examples, where every single page has readers laughing out loud. Age appropriate humor may be hard for us as adults to grasp, so be sure to run your jokes by your kid audience. Think over-the-top wackiness, slapstick silliness, and obvious irony while you’re developing your laugh sequence.

Romance

You’re not going to find any hot and heavy romance in any Middle Grade novels. Instead, you’ll see buddy relationships rather than romantic ones. If there is a budding romance, it will almost certainly be innocent. No one is going to kiss or go on awkward dates, and if they do, it will not be dwelled upon.

Good vs Evil

Readers of this age group are not too keen on ambiguity. You don’t need to have flat characters, but clear lines can be drawn between doing the right thing and doing what’s wrong. Plot lines that explore good and evil work well, as do good guys vs bad guys. Think of the Series of Unfortunate Events where the Baudelaire children are certainly the good guys, harassed time and again by the evil Count Olaf.

Violence

You may find some violence in some Middle Grade books, but these aren’t The Hunger Games. (Low key) violence may happen, but don’t dwell on it. You’ll be more likely to come across violence in upper Middle Grade, adventure, or fantasy books, and again, it won’t be the driving force of your plot.

Tone

Be ironic, if you must, but never cynical. Middle Grade books are not meant to push big issue ideas like politics, socio-economics, animal rights, the environment and more. All of these issues do play a role in the human experience, and by default arise in Middle Grade novels. And it is absolutely important to explore all of these big idea issues with little readers. But in the genre of Middle Grade, do it organically and do not make it the driving force of the book. Examine complex issues subtly as Scott O’Dell does in Island of the Blue Dolphins or with grace as seen in Wonder.

The Golden Rule

The important thing to remember is that these are industry standards and guidelines. Don’t give up because your fantasy upper Middle Grade novel happens to be 80,000 words or your lower Middle Grade novel stars an 11-year-old. The Golden Rule : Make sure your themes are on point. You may be able to trim word count in editing or even round out a character, but if your themes are not appropriate for the age group you’ll have a major rewrite on your hands…or a book that doesn’t work. Focus on developing a strong plot and well rounded characters––and see where your story takes you!


(Some of) My Favorite Middle Grade Books


Hoot
The Girl Who Drank the Moon
Wonder at the Edge of the World
The Ethan I Was Before
Number the Stars
Serafina and the Black Cloak
Willa of the Wood
Walk Two Moons

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




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Favorite Books and Recommended Reads

I do a lot of reading and the list keeps getting longer and longer, but there are some books that have really stayed with me over the years, and you can find them here.

I continue to update this list from time to time, so be sure to check back.

On Writing

Steering the Craft: A Twenty-First-Century Guide to Sailing the Sea of Story

Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within

Young Adult

The Book of Dust: La Belle Sauvage (Book of Dust, Volume 1)

His Dark Materials (Books 1–3)

Brown Girl Dreaming

Middle Grade

Serafina and the Black Cloak (Book 1)

Serafina and the Twisted Staff (Book 2)

Serafina and the Splintered Heart (Book 3)

The Girl Who Drank the Moon

Willa of the Wood

A Snicker of Magic

Ban This Book

Ruby Holler

The Spirit of Cattail County

Hurricane Child

Shadow Weaver

Chapter Books

From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler

Inside Out and Back Again

The Little Prince

Fortunately, the Milk

Everything on a Waffle

Picture Books

The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore

All the World Happy Birthday to You!

Non-Traditional Picture Books

Tibet Through the Red Box

The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales

Board Books

Big Red Barn

Belly Button Book

Sheep in a Jeep

But Not the Hippopotamus

Non-Fiction

Transformations of Myth Through Time

Words Are My Matter: Writings About Life and Books

An Open Life by Joseph Campbell

Novels and Stories

Jitterbug Perfume

The Sun Also Rises

Summer Crossing

Dandelion Wine

Fantasy and Sci-Fi

Station Eleven

All Our Wrong Todays: A Novel

Have Spacesuit Will Travel

Collections 

Fearless Girls, Wise Women & Beloved Sisters: Heroines in Folktales from Around the World

My Top 4 Favorite How-to-Write Books by Female Masters (and why they’re so wonderful)

what genre is my children's book

Whether you are putting the proverbial pen to paper for the first time, or you’re a seasoned author, this list of My Top 4 Favorite How-to-Write Books by Female Masters (and why they’re so wonderful) has a little something for anyone who wants to write a children’s book. Even after writing for nearly twenty years on my own, and writing and editing professionally for nearly ten, I still find myself turning back to these four how-to-write books again and again, always discovering something new among their pages.

I’ve categorized each book by which writers I think may benefit the most from picking up each copy. But, like I mentioned above, there is information in all of these books that will help writers of all experience and practice levels who are learning how to write a children’s book. For the serious children’s book writer out there, I would suggest reading them all.


Wonderful for Newbies:

Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within, by Natalie Goldberg

Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within is a perfect guide for anyone who is writing for the first time, or for seasoned writers who are a little out of practice and want to jumpstart or improve their own daily writing habits. In Bones, Goldberg is focused on gathering the free-flowing creative nectar that all writers need to tap into before they even begin to craft a book or story of any length.

Goldberg’s book is filled with nearly 200 pages of short, one to five page chapters that give readers something to think about—a scenario, a short story, an idea—and each chapter leads to a writing prompt. This means you can sit down with Goldberg’s book, a cup of coffee, your notebook or computer and twenty minutes, and walk away with something substantial in the books.

I have always appreciated Writing Down the Bones for that reason. When I have just a little bit of time each day to write creatively, Goldberg’s book is perfect because the chapters are so succinct. And on days when I just can’t get going, I still turn to Bones. If I have hours of dull content writing ahead of me, a jaunt through Bones lifts my writing spirit and gets me in the mood to play with language, no matter the task ahead.

I will guarantee that if you do take time for Writing Down the Bones, you’ll be drawn into Goldberg’s stories—as if you’re sitting across the table at a quaint wine shop while she tells you everything you need to know about writing while seemingly not telling you anything at all—and that, as we know, is the making of a good writer.


Wonderful for Children’s Book Newbies:

The Writer’s Guide to Crafting Stories for Children, by Nancy Lamb

Nancy Lamb’s book, The Writer’s Guide to Crafting Stories for Children, is 100% a must-have, invaluable investment for anyone who plans to write a children’s book. And for anyone who takes their writing seriously. Ten years ago it was—and today it still is—my go-to for everything kids-book-craft-related. The book is divided into five main sections that play on the metaphor of building a house, and each section is devoted to a crucial step in writing your first children’s book. For example, Lamb’s third section entitled ‘Structural Supports’ explores topics like character, story, and point of view while the beginning of her book starts with a section entitled ‘Building Plans’ where readers take time to discover what story they plan to tell.

The Writer’s Guide to Crafting Stories for Children has often been compared to taking a 101 course on how to write a children’s book…but from the comfort of your own home and at your own pace (and for a fraction of the cost!). Because Nancy pulls from classics like Where the Wild Things Are or Bridge to Terabithia, even writers new to the craft will be familiar with her examples, making her instruction all the more relevant. With a stable and strong plan, from there you’ll be able to craft your book, from beginning to end, as you read the guide coming at last to the chapter entitled ‘Finishing Touches: The Care and Feeding of Your Creative Spirit’ where you learn how to hold onto all you’ve learned so you can develop overtime as a writer.

I personally find Lamb’s book a crucial addition to my own bookshelf because of her attention to detail during each step of the book writing process; from conception to final proof. Writing a book—short or long—is a dedicated and time consuming endeavor with lots of little ins and outs that no one but the author can see. Lamb helps authors to stay on track and hit all those fine details that, if missed, will leave a manuscript lacking. Her book is like an author’s project plan for seeing their own book through, from start to finish.


Wonderful for Honing Your Craft:

Steering the Craft: A Twenty-First-Century Guide to Sailing the Sea of Story, by Ursula K LeGuin

Ursula K LeGuin–my hero–I have a sneaking suspicion she is actually magic incarnate…but I digress.

The original version of Steering the Craft: A Twenty-First-Century Guide to Sailing the Sea of Story is the book that guided me from a technical understanding of my writing to a deeper relationship with my own creativity and my own abilities as a writer and an editor. Both versions of LeGuin’s guides flow seamlessly while teaching skills that on the surface seem dull, but come to life under her pen and ink spells. Before they know it, readers have learned how to vary their sentences to make them really long to slow a scene down. And then shorten them. Like all things LeGuin, her book is equally detailed and sensory. And succinct.

LeGuin takes topics like ‘Pronoun and Verb’ and turns them into a chapter, and somehow makes these otherwise textbook topics—*gasp*—actually interesting! So interesting, in fact, that you find yourself turning to chapter seven with a newfound, underlying understanding of how to make your verbs skip, hop and jump from the page, and you do so leaving your passive voice shriveling the drafts behind, too timid to show its shameful face until you’ve purposely given him reason to rise again.

LeGuin once said, “A writer is a person who cares what words mean, what they say, how they say it. Writers know words are their way towards truth and freedom, and so they use them with care, with thought, with fear, with delight.” In Steering the Craft, LeGuin teaches us how to care about our words—how to write them with understanding—only then can we tell our own stories with conviction.


Wonderful for Mastering Visual Writing for Children:

Picture Writing: A New Approach to Writing for Children and Teens, by Anastasia Suen

Picture Writing is a fantastic book for getting a grasp on how to write visually for children. As Anastasia Suen explains, children tend to be visual thinkers, so expressing stories and creating worlds and characters for them through visual text is key in producing strong children’s manuscripts.

Chapters in Picture Writing are divided up by the different components of a story such as plot, character, or setting, and each part is explored from three different angles: Fiction, Non-fiction, or Poetry. This means you’ll be reading the sections that apply to your genre only, whether you’re writing a board book or a young adult fantasy novel.

‘Seeing Fiction’ is one of my favorite chapters on how to write a children’s book. In it she lays out a picture book storyboard template that I still use today with my clients. The storyboard gives authors and editors a feel for where certain elements of a story, like “the big story problem” or “the second try to solve” should fall in a manuscript. Since understanding pacing, page turns, and pauses in picture book writing is so crucial, even as a seasoned editor, I find her template a perfect go-to reminder of how to craft a manuscript. In the same chapter, she also has a comparable layout for chapter books.

Though a little hard to come by, Picture Writing is a reference worth owning if you plan to write a children’s book.

Now that you’re ready to write a children’s book, and you’ve got some leads on finding the right guide to your writing endeavors, I hope you’ll take time to explore them.

And just because I love books so much, here are my Top 4 Recommended Other Books by the same authors we looked at above. Happy Reading and Joyous Writing to You!


Natalie Goldberg

Wild Mind: Living the Writer’s Life

Old Friend from Far Away: The Practice of Writing Memoir

The True Secret of Writing: Connecting Life with Language

Top of My Lungs

Nancy Lamb

One April Morning: Children Remember the Oklahoma City Bombing

The Art And Craft Of Storytelling: A Comprehensive Guide To Classic Writing Techniques

The World’s Greatest Toe Show

The Great Mosquito, Bull, and Coffin Caper

Ursula K. LeGuin

The Wind’s Twelve Quarters: Stories by Le Guin, Ursula K.

Catwings Words Are My Matter: Writings About Life and Books

A Wizard of Earthsea

The Tombs of Atuan

The Farthest Shore

Anastasia Suen

Up! Up! Up! Skyscraper

Wired

Baby Born

The Tooth Fairy


Tell me about your book!

If you are ready to write a children’s book, or have a manuscript you would like me to edit, contact me below. I look forward to reading your story!